MOST COMMON ABNORMALITIES TO LOOK FOR WHEN IMAGING THE FOLLOWING STRUCTURES:
Profile, nasal bone, nose/lips, mandible, palate, orbits.
Cleft lip and palate
Cystic hygroma
Exophthalamus
Proptosis
Prominent eyes
Hypertelorism
Hypotelorism
Microphthalmia
Anophthalmia
Facial asymmetry
Macroglossia
Micrognathia
Nasal bone absent or hypoplastic
Head
BPD, HC, Corpus callosum, CBM, NSF, CM, Ventricles
Choroids plexus cysts(CPC)
Agenesis of the corpus callosum
Dandy-Walker cyst
Echogenic brain focus or foci
Encephalocele
Holoprosencephaly
Intracranial cyst
Clover leaf skull
Macrocephaly
Microcephaly
Ventriculomegally
Arnold chiari malformation
Dandy-Walker malformation
Arachnoid cysts
Intracranial bleed
Posterior fossa cyst
Vein of Galen aneurysm
Anencephaly
Aqueductal stenosis
Intracranial teratomas
Heart
4chambers, LVOT, RVOT, Arrowhead view, heart beat, aortic and ductal arch
Bradycardia
Tachycardia
Heart axis towards the right
Enlarged heart
Ventricular septal defect (VSD)
Atrial septal defect (ASD)
Coarctation of the aorta
Double outlet right ventricle
Hypoplastic left heart syndrome
Hypoplastic right heart syndrome
Single ventricle
Tetralogy of Fallot
Cardiac rhabdomyoma
Ebstein’s anomaly
Endocardial cushion defect (atrioventricular canal)
Ectopia cordis (pentralogy of Cantrell)
Common arterial truncus
Premature atrial contractions
Transposition of the great arteries
Bright echoes in the heart
Left/right heart enlargement
Right atrial enlargement
Pericardial effusion
Small chest
Pleural effusion
Chest cavity
Pericardial effusion
Small chest
Enlarged heart
Pleural effusion
Cystic masses
Cystadenomatoid malformations
Diaphragmatic hernia
Chest wall haematoma
Pericardial cyst
Tracheal atresia
Mediastinal teratoma haemothorax
Diaphragm,liver,GB,bowel
Diaphragmatic hernia
Anal atresia
Duodenal atresia
Gastrointestinal atresia or stenosis
Gastroschisis
Omphalocele
Meconium cyst
Meconium ileus
Umbilical hernia
Tracheooesophageal atresia or fistula/oesophageal atresia
Ascites
Midgut volvulus
Small bowel atresia
Meconium peritonitis
Dilated stomach
Dilated duodenum
Dilated bowel
Echogenic mass
Adrenal haemorrhage
Hepatic tumour
Neuroblastoma
Ovarian cyst with haemorrhage
Echogenic bowel
Cystic fibrosis
Intragut or intrabdominal bleed
Calcification
Gallstones
Teratoma
Kidneys and Adrenals
Hydronephrosis
Ectopic ureter
Infantile polycystic kidney disease
Multicystic dysplastic kidney
Posterior urethral valves
Reflux (<6mm PUJ)
Ureterocele
Ectopic ureter
Pelvo-uretero junction obstruction
Ureterovesicle junction obstruction
Horseshoe kidney
Pelvic kidney
Renal agenesis
Ureterocele
Adrenal haematoma
Adrenal mass
Cord and insertion
Omphalocele
Gastroschisis
Umbilical hernia
One umbilical artery
Bladder and Gender
Absent bladder
Renal agenesis
Bladder exostrophy
Dilated bladder
Spine sagittal, coronal,axial
Spina bifida
Myelomeningocele
Myeloschisis
Meningocele
Cystic masses
Solid masses- Sacrococcygeal teratoma
Lower limbs
Rocker-bottom feet
Polydactyly
Achondroplasia
Achondrogenesis
Absent digits
Absent limbs
Bowing
Clinodactyly
Club foot
Fractures
Joint contractures
Mesomelic shortness
Muscle wasting
Rhizomelic shortening
Limb shortening
Upper limb
Polydactyly
Achondroplasia
Achondrogenesis
Absent digits
Absent limbs
Abnormal thumb
Bowing
Clenched hands
Clinodactyly
Fractures
Joint contractures
Mesomelic shortness
Muscle wasting
Radial hypoplasia
Rhizomelic shortening
Short limbs
Limb shortening